WO1986000331A1 - Method and apparatus for liquefying coal - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for liquefying coal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986000331A1
WO1986000331A1 PCT/JP1984/000336 JP8400336W WO8600331A1 WO 1986000331 A1 WO1986000331 A1 WO 1986000331A1 JP 8400336 W JP8400336 W JP 8400336W WO 8600331 A1 WO8600331 A1 WO 8600331A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
molten metal
coal
reaction vessel
water
oil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1984/000336
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tadayuki Yoshida
Original Assignee
Sankyo Yuki Kabushiki Kaisha
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sankyo Yuki Kabushiki Kaisha filed Critical Sankyo Yuki Kabushiki Kaisha
Priority to BR8407335A priority Critical patent/BR8407335A/en
Priority to DE19843490292 priority patent/DE3490292T1/en
Priority to PCT/JP1984/000336 priority patent/WO1986000331A1/en
Priority to DE19843490292 priority patent/DE3490292C2/en
Publication of WO1986000331A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986000331A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a coal liquefaction method for obtaining hydrocarbon-based oil from coal and an apparatus therefor.
  • coal has been heated in a high-pressure kettle in a steam-fired state, and hydrogen has been brought into contact with the heated coal under pressure to activate the coal. Hydrogen is combined with the carbon of the coal thus produced to generate hydrocarbon-based gas, and the generated gas is taken out of the autoclave and cooled, and the liquefied component is obtained as hydrocarbon-based oil. It has been known.
  • the invention aims to obtain hydrocarbon-based oils from coal with a simple device and without preparing hydrogen separately.
  • the purpose is to supply the stone and water into the molten metal at 300 to 800, and to connect the coal and water under the heat and pressure of the molten metal.
  • the first coal liquefaction method to remove and discard the generated gas and separate and acquire the liquefied components
  • the second coal to supply coal, water and oil in place of the above coal and water Achieved by the liquefaction method.
  • the inside of the reaction vessel is shut off from the outside air above the liquid level of the molten metal in the reaction vessel, which receives the heat from the bottom, at least with the molten metal.
  • a feeder for feeding coal and water or coal, water, and oil as objects to be treated and a gas extraction pipe for removing generated gas are attached, and the inside of the reaction vessel is installed.
  • the lime liquefaction unit can be implemented practically.
  • FIG. 1 showing a laboratory apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a reaction vessel, and the inside of the reaction vessel 1 is filled with a molten metal 2.
  • a heating jacket 3 such as an electric heater is attached around the reaction vessel 1, and the temperature of the molten metal 2 in the reaction vessel 1 is maintained.
  • a feeder 4 for supplying coal and water or coal, water and oil to the lower part of the reaction vessel 1 is connected to a lower part of the reaction vessel 1.
  • the gas outlet 6 is connected to the gas container 9 from the oil reservoir 8 via the cooler 7
  • coal and water or coal, water and oil are fed by the feeder 4 to the lower part of the anti-Ml containing molten metal 2 and 1.
  • the coal etc. to be supplied must be preheated to some extent. It is recommended that you do so.
  • pulverized coal it can be suitably used as the feeder 4 for supplying it with water or a mixture of water and oil, like an injection molding machine.
  • the coal and the like supplied to the reaction vessel 1 as shown in (1) and (2) are separated from the external oxygen in a liquid having an extremely large specific gravity, such as molten metal 2, and have a specific gravity difference.
  • a liquid having an extremely large specific gravity such as molten metal 2
  • the molten metal 2 is heated at the same time. That is, the supplied coal and the like rises in the molten metal 2 while being shut off from the outside air while being pressurized and heated by the molten metal 2.
  • the heated activated coal and water or the coal, water and oil come into contact, and the macromolecular structure of the coal is cracked and hydrogenated to produce hydrocarbons.
  • this oil will be decomposed in the molten metal 2, and some hydrogen will be separated from carbon.
  • this hydrogen is more effective in decomposing and hydrogenating the polymer structure of coal because it has a property of being more easily associated with carbon than hydrogen generated by the decomposition of water. It is thought to work.
  • oxygen contained in the composition of coal and oil is combined with hydrogen generated by the decomposition of water to become water, while oxygen generated by the decomposition of water is converted into carbon and carbon of the coal. It is thought that both are linked to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which are both factors that inhibit the production of hydrocarbons.
  • the oxygen can be removed from the reaction system as a metal oxide. This can assist in the production of hydrocarbons.
  • carbon dioxide and the like in coal are separated from carbon by combining with molten metal 2 or forming various gaseous bodies. .
  • the hydrocarbon generated in the reaction vessel 1 in this manner is extracted from the gas extraction port 6 of the reaction vessel 1 together with other gas components.
  • the surplus carbon is floated on the molten metal 2 and
  • the generated gas taken out from the gas oil outlet 6 of the reaction vessel 1 is led to the cooler 7, and the liquefied component is collected in the oil vessel 8.
  • the liquefied component recovered in the oil container 8 is roughly classified into water and hydrocarbon-based oil.
  • the remaining gas components are guided from the oil container 8 to the gas container 9, and are collected there.
  • This gas component is mainly flammable hydrocarbon gas or hydrogen which is not liquefied and is flammable, so it can be used for heating the reaction vessel 1 and the like. .
  • Coal can be used widely, such as bituminous coal, lignite, cutlet coal, and anthracite coal. In addition to supplying only a single type of coal, multiple types of coal may be supplied in a mixed state.
  • the molten metal 2 is an alkaline earth metal, an iron group metal, a boron group metal, a carbon group metal, a nitrogen group metal, an oxygen group metal, or an alloy thereof, preferably Lead, tin, bismuth, barium, aluminum, antimony, and alloys containing these. Most suitable are lead, tin, barium, and alloys containing these, which are readily associated with oxygen in the molten state. If the metal is easily bound to oxygen, as described above, the oxygen generated by the decomposition of water and oxygen in the composition of coal should be removed from the reaction system as metal oxides. And aid in the production of hydrocarbons.
  • molten metal 2 is also considered to have a catalytic role in binding hydrogen produced by the decomposition of water to coal carbon, so the type of target coal It is preferable to select the one that can work most effectively depending on the situation.
  • the temperature of the reaction vessel 1 that is, the temperature of the molten metal, varies depending on the target coal and the metal used, but needs to be between 300 and 800. . If the temperature is too low, sufficient hydrocarbons will not be produced. Conversely, if the degree of the Men becomes too high, the breaking of the straight carbon chain proceeds, and the generated hydrocarbons are reduced in grade and cannot be obtained as oil. In order to obtain as much hydrocarbon oil as possible, the temperature should be between 350 ° C and 500 ° C.
  • a metal having a melting point higher than the melting degree of molten metal 2 which is considered to be able to function as a catalyst for binding carbon of coal to hydrogen of water, is placed in reaction vessel 1.
  • a method may be considered in which nickel, platinum, or the like is formed in a net shape, and the inside of the reaction vessel 1 is vertically partitioned and installed.
  • the metal for the catalyst is a metal that is difficult to oxidize so that it can be used repeatedly.
  • the pressure during the contact reaction between coal and water in the reaction vessel 1 can be freely determined by the specific gravity of the metal used and the filling depth in the reaction vessel 1. Therefore, it may be appropriate to adjust according to the type of coal.
  • the mixing ratio of coal and water to be supplied is such that water is added in an amount of 20 to 100 parts by weight, and optimally 40 to 80 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the dried coal. Is preferred. If there is too little water, hydrocarbons are less likely to be produced, and conversely, even if the amount is It does not increase so much, but rather loses much of the heat of the molten metal, increasing the heat loss.
  • the mixing ratio of oil to coal is preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight of oil per 100 parts by weight of dry coal.
  • oil an inexpensive heavy oil that easily generates hydrogen segregation is most suitable.
  • the reaction vessel was a cylindrical body having a diameter of about 50 na, and lead was used as the molten metal, and the reaction vessel was filled with a depth of 50 CB.
  • the melting of the lead and the maintenance of the temperature were performed by an electric heater wound around the reaction vessel.
  • Bituminous coal was used as the coal, and 1000 g of water was mixed with 2000 pulverized and supplied to the reaction vessel, and the amount of hydrocarbon oil was about 50 g. Obtained.
  • the oil was heavy oil in appearance and could be ignited directly with a match. Gas components that were not liquefied were also combustible.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show an apparatus for practically performing the method according to the above-mentioned * invention. This will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
  • reference numeral 10 denotes a reaction vessel having a U-shaped bottom surface, and a combustion chamber 12 into which a flame is sent from a burner 11 is formed below the reaction vessel 10.
  • the molten metal 2 is put in the reaction vessel 10, and the height of the molten metal 2 is maintained by heating the bottom of the reaction vessel 10 by the burner 11. What is it.
  • the gas extraction pipe Above the liquid level of the molten metal 2 in the reaction vessel 10, the gas extraction pipe is at the top.13, the feeder U is slightly below the gas extraction pipe 13, and rotates slightly above the liquid level of the molten metal 2.
  • Each of the shafts 15 is provided.
  • the gas extraction pipe 13 is connected to a cooler, and guides the generated gas to the cooler to cool the gas and separate and obtain a liquefied component and a gas component. It is for the purpose. Then, the gas extraction pipe 13 is blocked by the splash of the molten metal 2, and the molten metal is prevented as much as possible to prevent the intrusion of the generated powdery carbide. It is preferable to keep the liquid level 2 away
  • the supply machine U is for feeding the object to be treated 18 into the reaction vessel 10 and can supply the object to be treated 16 in a state where the inside of the reaction vessel 10 is shut off from the outside air. It is necessary that In the illustrated embodiment, the feeder 14 is a screw conveyor, and the inside of the reaction vessel 10 is moved outside the feeder 14 by the workpiece 18 moved in the feeder 14. It is meant to be cut off. Further, as the feeder 14, the workpiece 18 is put into the reaction vessel 10 by a hydraulic cylinder.
  • WIPO Li It may be something that pushes out.
  • the article 16 to be treated is coal and water or coal, ice and oil.
  • the rotary shaft 15 is provided with screws 17a and 17b on both sides, and a retracting blade 18 at an intermediate portion. Each of the rotary shafts 15 can be rotated by the rotary shaft 15. You.
  • the screw 17a on the left side of FIG. 2 is located immediately below the feeder 14, and functions to feed the supplied workpiece 18 in the direction of the blade 18.
  • the driving blade 18 has a plate-like shape which is attached to the peripheral side of a disk-shaped rotary plate 19 through which the rotary shaft 15 is fixed by being slightly inclined with respect to the rotary shaft 15. While the object 18 floating on the liquid surface of the molten metal 2 is pushed into the molten metal 2, the object 18 is gradually moved in the direction of the next screw 17 b. It is. Also, the screw 17 b transfers the carbide 20 generated by the decomposition reaction of the object 16 and floating on the molten metal 2 to an extrusion port 21 formed slightly above the rotating shaft 15. It is something to extrude. Since the screws 17a, l? B and the rotation ⁇ 15 for rotating the intake blade 18 are located above the liquid level of the molten metal 2, There must be no intrusion of molten metal 2 into the bearing to hinder operation. '
  • a cover part 22 having a semicircular cross section protrudes from an upper part of the outlet 21 above the screw 17b.
  • the pressure of the gas generated by the decomposition reaction of the material to be treated 18 in the molten metal 2 is increased when the generated gas is blown up from the molten metal 2. It acts on the outlet 21 and blocks the screw by using the screw 17b as a shielding wall. It is just for the purpose.
  • An output duct 23 is connected to the discharge port 21, and the tip of the discharge duct 23 is opened downward near the bottom in the carbide container 24.
  • a screw conveyor 25 is provided below the carbide container 24 for gradually discharging the carbide 20 of the discharge duct 23 into the carbide container 24.
  • the screw conveyor 25 is always discharged. While keeping the state in which the carbide is filled in the reactor 23 and keeping the inside of the reaction vessel 10 from the outside air, the discharge duct 23 is adjusted in accordance with the amount of the carbide 20 pushed out by the screw unit 17b. The carbide 20 can be extracted.
  • the supplied object to be treated 16 is transferred by the screw 17a rotating immediately below the object.
  • the blades are sent in the direction of 18.
  • the workpiece 18 floating on the liquid surface of No. 2 is pushed into the molten metal 2 from above by the drawing blade 18, and is extremely large as the molten metal 2.
  • the liquid having the specific gravity the liquid is heated simultaneously with receiving the pressure corresponding to the depth in the molten metal 2 while being levitated by the specific gravity difference.
  • the object 18 undergoes a decomposition reaction under the heating and pressurization by the molten metal 2 to generate hydrocarbon-based gas.
  • the object 18 is pushed into the molten metal 2 by the three-stage feeding blade 18 to cause a decomposition reaction.
  • the moving direction of the processing object 18 is demarcated by the rotating plate 19, whereby the processing object 18 is reliably inserted into the molten metal by the impeller 18. 2 WIPO-. To be able to do so.
  • the undecomposed object 18 and the generated carbide 20 are gradually pushed in the direction of the screw 17b while being repeatedly pushed and floated into the molten metal 2 by the respective blades 18. It is moved, and during this time, the undecomposed object 16 is also completely decomposed.
  • the gas generated by the decomposition reaction of the article to be treated 18 is taken out of the reaction vessel 10 through the gas extraction pipe 13 and guided to the cooler as described in the above. It is cooled down and separated into a liquefied component and a gas component.
  • the liquefied component is roughly divided into hydrocarbon oil and water, and the gas component is obtained as combustible gas containing many hydrocarbon gases.
  • carbides 20 that float to the screw 17b and float on the liquid surface of the molten metal 2 are collected by the screw 17b, and are discharged to the outlet 21. It will be pushed out.
  • the supplied workpiece 18 is moved from the left to the right in FIG. 2 so that the workpiece 18 can be continuously processed.
  • Such considerations are not required when using a notch type.
  • the screws 17a and 17b for transferring the workpiece 18 are not required, and the blade 18 is also parallel to the rotating shaft 15 so that the workpiece 18 can be removed. It is possible to ensure that the pushing is performed, and it is sufficient to provide only the pushing blade 18 at an appropriate position on the rotating shaft 15.
  • the suction blades 18 have a certain degree of transfer force of the workpiece 16 and the carbide 20 as shown in FIG. 2. This is possible, for example, by tilting the built-in blade 18 with respect to the rotation ⁇ 15, so that the screw 17.a,
  • the blade 18 may be not only a flat plate, but also may have a concave portion so that the object 18 can be easily glowed. No.
  • the * coal liquefaction method according to the present invention has a significant feature in that coal mixed with water is supplied to the molten metal. The following benefits can be obtained from them.
  • Heavy metals contained in coal can be separated and removed. Immediately, heavy metals, which are often contained as oxides, are reduced under a heavy reducing environment, are alloyed with the molten metal, and are separated by precipitation.
  • the object to be treated may be dropped on the liquid surface of the molten metal, so that the object to be treated is supplied below the surface of the molten metal. It is possible to supply with a little power compared with that, and there is an advantage that the press-in load of the supply machine is small. Also, even if the molten metal immediately below the feeder is somewhat solidified, In most cases, the supply of 3 is hindered, and the decomposition reaction of the object to be treated in the molten metal can be surely achieved by the moving blades.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laboratory for explaining a coal liquefaction method according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of a coal liquefaction device according to the present invention
  • Figs. The figure is a cross-sectional view of [I-]! In Fig. 2.

Abstract

A coal-liquefying method wherein a hydrocarbon oil is obtained from coal comprises the steps of supplying coal and water or coal, water, and an oil into a molten metal at 300 to 800oC, and cooling the gases produced by the catalytic reaction between these materials in the molten metal, to obtain separate liquefied components. Also disclosed is an apparatus employed for this liquefaction of coal. The coal-liquefying apparatus comprises a reaction vessel containing the molten metal; a supply machine supplying the material being processed, the machine being positioned above the reaction vessel; an extraction pipe for drawing out the gases produced, the pipe also being positioned above the reaction vessel; a rotary shaft which is provided above the surface level of the molten metal in the reaction vessel; and a raking blade which is provided on the rotary shaft to force the material being processed into the molten metal, so that it is possible to force the material into the molten metal by the raking blade, simply by dropping the material onto the surface of the molten metal.

Description

明 細 発明 の名称  Description Title of invention
石炭液化方法及びそ の装置  Coal liquefaction method and apparatus
技術分野  Technical field
本発明は、 石炭か ら炭化水素系の油を取得す る石炭液化方 法及び そ の装置に関する。  The present invention relates to a coal liquefaction method for obtaining hydrocarbon-based oil from coal and an apparatus therefor.
背景技術  Background art
従来、 石炭液化方法及びその装置 と し ては 、 高圧釜内で蒸 し焼 き 状に石炭を加熱する と共に、 加圧下で こ の加熱 された 石炭に水素を接触 さ せ、 加熱 されて活性化 した石炭の炭素に 水素を結び付けて炭化水素系のガス を生成 させ 、 こ の発生ガ ス を高圧釜か ら取出 し て冷却 し、 液化成分を炭化水素系 の油 と し て取得す る も のが知 られている。  Conventionally, as a coal liquefaction method and its apparatus, coal has been heated in a high-pressure kettle in a steam-fired state, and hydrogen has been brought into contact with the heated coal under pressure to activate the coal. Hydrogen is combined with the carbon of the coal thus produced to generate hydrocarbon-based gas, and the generated gas is taken out of the autoclave and cooled, and the liquefied component is obtained as hydrocarbon-based oil. It has been known.
しか し なが ら 、 上記方法及び装置では 、 石炭 と 水素 を加熱 加圧下 で接蝕 さ せ る た めの非常な高圧釜 を必要 と し 、 設備的 負担が大 き い問題が あ る。 また、 石炭 と 接触 さ せ る べ き水素 を別途用意 し なければな らず、 水素の製造 を も 加え る と 、 手 間、' 装置及び経費に 多大な負担が加わ り 、 実用性に乏 し い。  However, the above method and apparatus require an extremely high pressure cooker for causing coal and hydrogen to be corroded under heating and pressurization, and there is a problem in that the equipment burden is large. In addition, hydrogen to be brought into contact with coal must be prepared separately, and the addition of hydrogen production imposes a great burden on labor, equipment and costs, and is not practical. No.
従 っ て 、 上記方法及び装置は、 比較的古 く か ら知 られ、 しか も近年石油資源の祜渴が問題 と なっ てい る に も 拘 ら ず、 今だ 実用化 に は至 つ てい ないのが現状であ る 。 Therefore, the above-mentioned method and apparatus have been known for a relatively long time, and have not yet been put to practical use despite the fact that oil resources have become a problem in recent years. Is the current situation.
発明 の開示  DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
*発明は、 簡便な装置で、 また別途水素を用意する こ と な く 石炭か ら 炭化水素系の油を取得でき る よ う に す る こ と を 目 一 OMPI  * The invention aims to obtain hydrocarbon-based oils from coal with a simple device and without preparing hydrogen separately.
WIPCJ™ v 的 と す る も の であ る 。 WIPCJ ™ v It is the target.
上記 目 的は 、 3 0 0 〜 8 0 0 での溶融金属内に石 と 水 を供給 し て 、 溶融金属に よ る加熱加圧下で石炭 と 水を接 ? せ、 発 生ガ ス を取出 し て 却 し、 液化成分を分雜取得する第一の石 炭液化方法、 並びに 、 上記石炭 と水に代えて、 石炭 と 水 と 油 を供給する第二の石炭液化方法に よ っ て達成 される 。 また、 これ ら の石炭液化方法は、 溶融金属が入れ られ て少な く と ち 底面か ら 加熱 を 受 け る 反応容器 の瑢融金属の液面 よ り 上方 に 、 外気か ら反応容器内を遮断 した状態で、 石炭 と 水又は石 炭 と 水 と 油を被処理物 と して送 り 込む供紿機 と 、 発生 ガ ス を 取出すための ガ ス抽出管が取付け られて ぉ リ 、 反応容器内に は、 瑢融金属の液面 よ り 上方に回転軸が設け られてい て 、 こ の回転軸に は 、 溶融金属の液面上に浮遊す る被処理物 を溶融 金属内へ押 し 込む搔 き込み羽根が設け ら れて い o 石灰液化装 置に よ っ て実用的に実施でき る ものであ る 。  The purpose is to supply the stone and water into the molten metal at 300 to 800, and to connect the coal and water under the heat and pressure of the molten metal. The first coal liquefaction method to remove and discard the generated gas and separate and acquire the liquefied components, and the second coal to supply coal, water and oil in place of the above coal and water Achieved by the liquefaction method. In addition, in these coal liquefaction methods, the inside of the reaction vessel is shut off from the outside air above the liquid level of the molten metal in the reaction vessel, which receives the heat from the bottom, at least with the molten metal. In this condition, a feeder for feeding coal and water or coal, water, and oil as objects to be treated and a gas extraction pipe for removing generated gas are attached, and the inside of the reaction vessel is installed. Is provided with a rotating shaft above the liquid surface of the molten metal, and this rotating shaft pushes the workpiece floating on the liquid surface of the molten metal into the molten metal. The lime liquefaction unit can be implemented practically.
まず、 *発明 に係 る石炭液化方法を 、 当該方法を実施す る ための実験室的装置 を示す第 1 図に基づ い て更 に詳細 に説明 す る 。  First, the coal liquefaction method according to the invention will be explained in more detail based on FIG. 1 showing a laboratory apparatus for carrying out the method.
図中 1 は反応容器で、 こ の反応容器 1 内 に は 、 溶融金属 2 が充塡 されて い る 。 ま た、 反応容器 1 の周囲 に は、 例 えば電 気 ヒ ー タ ー等の加熱 ジ ャ ケ ッ ト 3 が取付 け られ て お り 、 反応 容器 1 内の瑢融金属 2 の温度が保持され てい る  In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a reaction vessel, and the inside of the reaction vessel 1 is filled with a molten metal 2. In addition, a heating jacket 3 such as an electric heater is attached around the reaction vessel 1, and the temperature of the molten metal 2 in the reaction vessel 1 is maintained. ing
反応容器 1 の下部 に は、 石炭 と水又は石炭 と 水 と 油 を反応 容器 1 の下部 に供給する ための供給機 4 が連結 されて い る 。 反応容器 1 の上部に は、 生成 される炭化物等を搬出す る た め 一 OMPI Λ IPO の搬出 コ ンベア 5 と 、 発生ガ ス を取出すための ガ ス抽出 口 6 が設け られて い る 。 ガ ス抽出 口 6 は、 冷却器 7 を介 し て油容 器 8 か ら ガ ス 容器 9 へ と 連結 されている A feeder 4 for supplying coal and water or coal, water and oil to the lower part of the reaction vessel 1 is connected to a lower part of the reaction vessel 1. In the upper part of reaction vessel 1, one OMPI Λ IPO Conveyor 5 and a gas extraction port 6 for taking out generated gas. The gas outlet 6 is connected to the gas container 9 from the oil reservoir 8 via the cooler 7
まず、 *発明の方法においては、 瑢融金属 2 の入 つ た反 Ml、 1 の下部 に、 供紿機 4 で石炭と 水又は石炭 と 水 と 油を供 紿す る 。 石炭は、 供給の容易性並びに後述する 反応の迅速化 を 図 る ため、 あ らか じ め粉砕 して水又は氷 と 油 と 混合 し て供 給する こ と が好ま し い。 また、 石炭等の供給に ょ リ 、 溶融金 属 2 を 急激に冷 し て 固化させて しま う こ と がな い よ う 、 供給 すベ き 石炭等は、 あ らか じめあ る程度予熱 し て お く こ と が好 ま し い。 微粉化 した石炭 と した場合、 それ と 水又は水 と油の 混合物の供給機 4 と し ては、 射出成形機の射出機様の も のか 好適 に使用で き る 。  First, * In the method of the invention, coal and water or coal, water and oil are fed by the feeder 4 to the lower part of the anti-Ml containing molten metal 2 and 1. In order to facilitate supply and to speed up the reaction described below, it is preferable to supply coal in advance by pulverizing it and mixing it with water or ice and oil. Also, in order to prevent the molten metal 2 from rapidly cooling and solidifying in the supply of coal, etc., the coal etc. to be supplied must be preheated to some extent. It is recommended that you do so. In the case of pulverized coal, it can be suitably used as the feeder 4 for supplying it with water or a mixture of water and oil, like an injection molding machine.
、 _ の よ う に し て反応容器 1 に供給された石炭等は、 溶融金 属 2 と い う極め て大 き な比重を有する液体内で外部の酸素か ら遮断 された状態で、 比重差に よ り 浮上 されつつ溶融金属 2 内 の 深 さ に 応 じ た圧力 を 受 け 、 同時 に 加熱 さ れ る こ と に な る 。 即 ち 、 供給 された石炭等は、 瑢融金属 2 か ら の加圧 と 加 熱を受け なが ら外気 と 遮断された状態で溶融金属 2 内 を上昇 す る も の であ る 。 そ し て、 こ の間に、 加熱 されて活性化 し た 石炭 と 水又は石炭 と 水 と油と が接触 し、 石炭の高分子構造が 分解水素化 され、 炭化水素が生成される  The coal and the like supplied to the reaction vessel 1 as shown in (1) and (2) are separated from the external oxygen in a liquid having an extremely large specific gravity, such as molten metal 2, and have a specific gravity difference. As a result, while receiving a pressure corresponding to the depth in the molten metal 2 while being levitated, the molten metal 2 is heated at the same time. That is, the supplied coal and the like rises in the molten metal 2 while being shut off from the outside air while being pressurized and heated by the molten metal 2. During this time, the heated activated coal and water or the coal, water and oil come into contact, and the macromolecular structure of the coal is cracked and hydrogenated to produce hydrocarbons.
上記石炭等の瑢融金属 2内での細かな挙動は必ず し も 明 ら かでは ないが、 本発明者は次の よ う に推測 し て.い る 。 即 ち 、 加熱加圧下に おい て石炭 と水が接触する と 、 水は分解 し て水 性ガ ス化 し よ う と し 、 そ の と き の水素が石炭に 作用 し て、 石 炭 に脱酸素、 脱 ィ ォ ゥ 、 脱窒素及び水素添加等の諸反応を生 じ させ、 も っ て石炭の高分子構造を分解氷素化 し て炭化水素 が生成 される も の と 考え られる。 そ して 、 こ の と き に溶融金 属 2 は 、 水が分解 されて生ずる水素 と石炭の炭素 と の結合を 促進す る触媒的役割 を も なすのではないか と 考え られ る 。 一 方、 水の他に油 も 加えてあ る場合、 こ の油は溶融金属 2 内で 分解 さ れ、 一部の水素が炭素か ら分戆される こ と が生ず る 。 特に こ の水素は、 水の分解に よ り 生ずる 水素に比 し て炭素 と 結び付 き やすい性質 を有する こ とか ら、 石炭の 高分子構造を 分解水 素化 す る の に極 め て有効 に 作用す る も の と 考 え られ る 。 Although the detailed behavior of the above-mentioned coal or the like in the molten metal 2 is not necessarily clear, the present inventors speculate as follows. When coal and water come into contact with each other under heat and pressure, the water decomposes At that time, hydrogen at that time acts on the coal, causing the coal to undergo various reactions such as deoxygenation, deoxidation, denitrification, and hydrogenation. It is thought that hydrocarbons are generated by decomposing and frosting the polymer structure of coal. At this time, it is thought that molten metal 2 may also play a catalytic role in promoting the bond between hydrogen produced by the decomposition of water and carbon in coal. On the other hand, if oil is added in addition to water, this oil will be decomposed in the molten metal 2, and some hydrogen will be separated from carbon. In particular, this hydrogen is more effective in decomposing and hydrogenating the polymer structure of coal because it has a property of being more easily associated with carbon than hydrogen generated by the decomposition of water. It is thought to work.
また 、 石炭や油の組成に含まれてい る 酸素は 、 水の分解に よ り 生 じ る 水素 と 結び付いて水 と な り 、 他方水 の分解 に ょ リ 生 じ る 酸素は 、 石炭 の炭素 と結びついて 一酸化炭素や二酸化 炭素 と な っ て 、 いずれ も炭化水素生成の阻害要因 と な っ てい る と 考 え られ る 。 し か し、 瑢融金属 2 を 、 溶融状態で酸素 と 結び付 き やすい金属 と し てお く こ と に よ り 、 上記酸素 を金属 酸化物 と し て反応系 か ら除去する こ と が で き 、 こ れ に よ つ て 炭化水素の生成を助け る こ と'ができ る。 更 に 、 石炭中 の ィ ォ ゥ ゃ窒 素等 は 、 溶融金属 2 と 化合 し た り 、 種 々 の ガ ス体 と な っ て炭素か ら分肇 されて しま ラ も の と 考え ら れ る 。  In addition, oxygen contained in the composition of coal and oil is combined with hydrogen generated by the decomposition of water to become water, while oxygen generated by the decomposition of water is converted into carbon and carbon of the coal. It is thought that both are linked to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which are both factors that inhibit the production of hydrocarbons. However, by setting the molten metal 2 as a metal that is easily bonded to oxygen in a molten state, the oxygen can be removed from the reaction system as a metal oxide. This can assist in the production of hydrocarbons. Furthermore, it is considered that carbon dioxide and the like in coal are separated from carbon by combining with molten metal 2 or forming various gaseous bodies. .
こ の よ う に し て反応容器 1 内で発生 し た炭化水素は 、 他の ガ ス成分 と'共 に反応容器 1 のガ ス抽出 口 6 か ら取出 さ れ る 。 一方、 余剰炭素は、 溶融金属 2 上に浮上分戆 され る と 共に 、  The hydrocarbon generated in the reaction vessel 1 in this manner is extracted from the gas extraction port 6 of the reaction vessel 1 together with other gas components. On the other hand, the surplus carbon is floated on the molten metal 2 and
OMPI 前述 の 酸 素 と 結 び 付 い た 溶 融金 属 2 を 還元す る こ と に な る 。 OMPI The molten metal 2 bound to the above-described oxygen is reduced.
反応容器 1 の ガ ス油出 口 6 か ら取出 された発生ガ ス は、 冷 却器 7 に導かれ、 液化成分は油容器 8 に 回収 される 。 こ の油 容器 8 に 回収 される 液化成分は、 水 と炭化水素系の油 に大別 され る 。 また 、 残 り のガス成分は、 油容器 8 か ら更に ガ ス容 器 9 へ と 導かれ、 そ こ に回収される こ と に な る 。 こ の ガ ス成 分は、 液化 されなか っ た炭化水素系のガ スや水素等を主成分 と し 、 可燃性であ る ので、 反応容器 1 の加熱等に用い る こ と がで き る 。  The generated gas taken out from the gas oil outlet 6 of the reaction vessel 1 is led to the cooler 7, and the liquefied component is collected in the oil vessel 8. The liquefied component recovered in the oil container 8 is roughly classified into water and hydrocarbon-based oil. In addition, the remaining gas components are guided from the oil container 8 to the gas container 9, and are collected there. This gas component is mainly flammable hydrocarbon gas or hydrogen which is not liquefied and is flammable, so it can be used for heating the reaction vessel 1 and the like. .
一方、 溶融金属 2 上に浮上分讒された余剰炭素は、 據出 コ ンベア 5 で系外に抹出 される も のであ る 。  On the other hand, the surplus carbon floated and separated on the molten metal 2 is extracted out of the system by the dependent conveyor 5.
石炭 と し て は、 歴青炭の他、 亜炭、 カ ツ 炭、 無煙炭等広 く 用い る こ と がで き る 。 また、 単一種類の石炭の みを供給する こ と だけでな く 、 複数種類の石炭を混合状態で供給す る よ う に し て も よ い。  Coal can be used widely, such as bituminous coal, lignite, cutlet coal, and anthracite coal. In addition to supplying only a single type of coal, multiple types of coal may be supplied in a mixed state.
. 瑢融金属 2 と し て は、 アルカ リ 土類金属、 鉄族金属、 ホ ウ 素族金属、 炭素族金属、 窒素族金属、 酸素族金属並び に これ ら の合金で、 好ま し く は、 鉛、 錫、 ビス マ ス 、 バ リ ウ ム 、 ァ ル ミ 二 ゥ ム 、 ア ン チ モ ン並びに これ ら を含む合金であ る 。 最 適に は 、 溶融状態で酸素 と結び付きやすい鉛、 錫、 バ リ ウ ム 並びに これ ら を含む合金であ る。 酸素 と 結び付 き やすい金属 であれば、 前述の よ う に石炭の組成中め酸素や水の分解に よ つ て生ず る酸素を金属酸化物と して反応系か ら 除去す る こ と がで き 、 炭化水素の生成を助け る こ と が で き る ため で あ る 。  The molten metal 2 is an alkaline earth metal, an iron group metal, a boron group metal, a carbon group metal, a nitrogen group metal, an oxygen group metal, or an alloy thereof, preferably Lead, tin, bismuth, barium, aluminum, antimony, and alloys containing these. Most suitable are lead, tin, barium, and alloys containing these, which are readily associated with oxygen in the molten state. If the metal is easily bound to oxygen, as described above, the oxygen generated by the decomposition of water and oxygen in the composition of coal should be removed from the reaction system as metal oxides. And aid in the production of hydrocarbons.
O PIO PI
WIPO また、 溶融金属 2 は 、 前述の よ うに、 石炭の炭素に水の分解 に よ つ て生ず る 水素 を結び付け る際の触媒的役割 も な し てい る と 見 られる の で、 対象石炭の種類に応 じて最 も効果的に作 用 し得 る も の を選択する こ と が好ま しい。 WIPO In addition, as described above, molten metal 2 is also considered to have a catalytic role in binding hydrogen produced by the decomposition of water to coal carbon, so the type of target coal It is preferable to select the one that can work most effectively depending on the situation.
反応容器 1 の温度、 即ち、 瑢融金属の温度は 、 対象 と な る 石炭や使用す る金属 に よ っ て も異なるが、 3 0 0 〜 8 0 0 でであ る こ と が必要であ る 。 温度が低過ぎる と 十分な炭化水素の生 成が されな く な る 。 逆に瘟度が高 く な り 過ぎる と 、 炭素直鎖 の切断が進ん で、 生成 される炭化水素が低級化 し 、 油 と し て 取得で き な く な っ て来る。 炭化水素系の油を で き る だけ多 く 取得す る ため に は、 3 5 0 °C 〜 5 0 0 °Cが最遍であ る 。  The temperature of the reaction vessel 1, that is, the temperature of the molten metal, varies depending on the target coal and the metal used, but needs to be between 300 and 800. . If the temperature is too low, sufficient hydrocarbons will not be produced. Conversely, if the degree of the Men becomes too high, the breaking of the straight carbon chain proceeds, and the generated hydrocarbons are reduced in grade and cannot be obtained as oil. In order to obtain as much hydrocarbon oil as possible, the temperature should be between 350 ° C and 500 ° C.
また 、 溶融金属 2 の瘟度よ り 高い融点の金属であ っ て、 石 炭の炭素 と 水の水素 と の結合に触媒 と し て機能 し 得 る と 考え られる も の を 、 反応容器 1 内に介在 させ る こ と も で き る 。 例 えば、 ニ ッ ケ ルや白金等を網状に形成 し て、 反応容器 1 内を 上下 に 仕切 る よ う に し て設置 し て お く 等の方法が考 え られ る 。 こ の触媒用の金属は、 反復使用がで き る よ う酸化 されに く い金属であ る こ と が好ま しい。  In addition, a metal having a melting point higher than the melting degree of molten metal 2, which is considered to be able to function as a catalyst for binding carbon of coal to hydrogen of water, is placed in reaction vessel 1. Can also be interposed. For example, a method may be considered in which nickel, platinum, or the like is formed in a net shape, and the inside of the reaction vessel 1 is vertically partitioned and installed. Preferably, the metal for the catalyst is a metal that is difficult to oxidize so that it can be used repeatedly.
反応容器 1 内に おけ る石炭 と水の ^ 触反応時の圧力は、 使 用金属の比重及びそ の反応容器 1 内充塡深 さ に よ っ て 自 由 に 定め る こ と がで き る ので、 対彔石炭の種類等に応 じ て適宜調 節すれば よ い。 ま た 、 供給すべき石炭 と 水の混合比は 、 乾燥 した石炭 1 0 0 重量部 に対 して水を 2 0〜 0 0 重量部、 最適に は 4 0〜 8 0重量部加え る こ と が好ま しい。 水が少な過ぎ る と 炭化 水素が生成 されに く く な リ 、 逆に過量 と し て も 油の回収量は それほ ど増大せず、 かえ っ て溶融金属の熱を多 く 奪 う こ と に な っ て熱の ロ スが大 き く なる。 The pressure during the contact reaction between coal and water in the reaction vessel 1 can be freely determined by the specific gravity of the metal used and the filling depth in the reaction vessel 1. Therefore, it may be appropriate to adjust according to the type of coal. The mixing ratio of coal and water to be supplied is such that water is added in an amount of 20 to 100 parts by weight, and optimally 40 to 80 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the dried coal. Is preferred. If there is too little water, hydrocarbons are less likely to be produced, and conversely, even if the amount is It does not increase so much, but rather loses much of the heat of the molten metal, increasing the heat loss.
石炭 と 水 と に加え て更に油を も供給す る場合、 油の石炭に 対す る 混合比は、 乾燥 した石炭 100 重量部に対 し て油 を 10〜 50重量部加え る こ と が好ま しい。 また、 こ の油 と し て は、 水 素の分雜を生 じやす く 安価な重質油が最適であ る 。  When supplying oil in addition to coal and water, the mixing ratio of oil to coal is preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight of oil per 100 parts by weight of dry coal. . As the oil, an inexpensive heavy oil that easily generates hydrogen segregation is most suitable.
以下 に *発明 に係 る 方法の実施例を示す。  The following is an embodiment of the method according to the present invention.
実施例 1 .  Example 1
反応容器は直径約 50naの筒体 と し、 ま た瑢融金属 と し ては 鉛を使用 し 、 反応容器内に 50CBの深さ で充塡 し た。 鉛の溶融 及び温度保持は、 反応容器の周囲に巻き 付けた電気 ヒ ー タ ー に よ っ て行な っ た。  The reaction vessel was a cylindrical body having a diameter of about 50 na, and lead was used as the molten metal, and the reaction vessel was filled with a depth of 50 CB. The melting of the lead and the maintenance of the temperature were performed by an electric heater wound around the reaction vessel.
鉛を約 450 で に保持 して、 反応容器下部に粉砕 し た石炭 と 氷の混合物を 油圧シ リ ン ダー で圧入 し 、 反応容器上都か ら発 生ガ ス を取出 し て冷却 し、 液化成分 と ガ ス成分 を 回収す る 作 業 を行 な っ た。  Hold the lead at about 450 and press the mixture of crushed coal and ice into the lower part of the reaction vessel with a hydraulic cylinder, remove the generated gas from the upper part of the reaction vessel, cool it, and liquefy it Work to collect components and gas components was carried out.
石炭 と し て は歴青炭を使用 し、 これを細か く 粉砕 し た も の 2000 に対 し て水を 1000g 混合 して反応容器に供給 し た と こ ろ 、 炭化水素系の油が約 U50g 得られた。 こ の油は、 外観は 重油状 で、 マ ッ チ で直接着火する こ と が で き た。 ま た 、 液化 されなか っ た ガ ス成分 も可燃性であ っ た。  Bituminous coal was used as the coal, and 1000 g of water was mixed with 2000 pulverized and supplied to the reaction vessel, and the amount of hydrocarbon oil was about 50 g. Obtained. The oil was heavy oil in appearance and could be ignited directly with a match. Gas components that were not liquefied were also combustible.
実施例 2  Example 2
歴青炭 2000に対 し て水 1000s と重質油 400gを混合 し て供給 した他は実施例 1 と 全 く 同様に して石炭の液化 を行な っ た。 そ の結果、 炭化水素系の油約 2180g が得 られた。 こ の油の性 状は、 実施例 1 で得 られた油 と ほぼ同様であ つ た o 次に 、 上述 した *発明に係る方法を実用的に実施す る ため の装置 につい て 、 第 2 図及び第 3 図を参照 しつつ詳細 に説明 する 。 Liquefaction of coal was performed in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1000 s of water and 400 g of heavy oil were supplied to bituminous coal 2000. As a result, about 2180 g of hydrocarbon oil was obtained. The nature of this oil The state was almost the same as the oil obtained in Example 1. Next, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show an apparatus for practically performing the method according to the above-mentioned * invention. This will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
図中 10は底面が U 字形を成す反応容器で、 こ の反応容器 10 の下方 に はバー ナー 11か ら炎が送 り 込まれる燃焼室 12が形成 されて い る 。 反応容器 10内には、 溶融金属 2 が入れ られてお り 、 こ の溶融金属 2 の高竄がバーナー 11に よ る 反応容器 10底 面か ら の加熱に よ つ て保持される も の と な っ て い る 。  In the figure, reference numeral 10 denotes a reaction vessel having a U-shaped bottom surface, and a combustion chamber 12 into which a flame is sent from a burner 11 is formed below the reaction vessel 10. The molten metal 2 is put in the reaction vessel 10, and the height of the molten metal 2 is maintained by heating the bottom of the reaction vessel 10 by the burner 11. What is it.
反応容器 10の溶融金属 2 の液面よ り 上方に は 、 最上段に ガ ス抽出管.13、 ガ ス抽出管 13のやや下方に供給機 U、 溶融金属 2 の液面のやや上方 に 回転軸 15が各 々設け られ てい る 。  Above the liquid level of the molten metal 2 in the reaction vessel 10, the gas extraction pipe is at the top.13, the feeder U is slightly below the gas extraction pipe 13, and rotates slightly above the liquid level of the molten metal 2. Each of the shafts 15 is provided.
ガ ス抽出管 13は、 図示はされていないが、 冷却器に 連結 さ れてい て、 .発生ガ ス を冷却器に導いて こ れを冷却 し 、 液化成 分 と ガ ス成分を分離取得するための も の であ る 。 そ し て 、 こ の ガ ス 抽 出管 13は 、 瑢融金属 2 の 飛沫 に よ つ て閉塞 され.た リ 、 発生す る 粉状炭化物の侵入を防止す る ため に で き る だけ 溶融金属 2 の液面か 離 してお く こ と が好 ま し い  Although not shown, the gas extraction pipe 13 is connected to a cooler, and guides the generated gas to the cooler to cool the gas and separate and obtain a liquefied component and a gas component. It is for the purpose. Then, the gas extraction pipe 13 is blocked by the splash of the molten metal 2, and the molten metal is prevented as much as possible to prevent the intrusion of the generated powdery carbide. It is preferable to keep the liquid level 2 away
供紿機 Uは、 被処理物 18を反応容器 10内に送 リ 込 む た め の も の で 、 外気か ら反応容器 10内を遮断 し た状態で被処理物 16 を供給 で き る も ので あ る こ と が必要であ る 。 図示 され る実施 例 に おけ る供給機 14は ス ク リ ユ ー コ ンベ ア と な つ て お り 、 供 給機 14内を移動 され る被 理物 18に よ つ て反応容器 10内を外 気か ら遮断す る も の と な っ てい る。 また 、 こ の供給機 14と し ては、 油圧シ リ ン ダ ー に よ っ て被処理物 18を反応容器 10内へ  The supply machine U is for feeding the object to be treated 18 into the reaction vessel 10 and can supply the object to be treated 16 in a state where the inside of the reaction vessel 10 is shut off from the outside air. It is necessary that In the illustrated embodiment, the feeder 14 is a screw conveyor, and the inside of the reaction vessel 10 is moved outside the feeder 14 by the workpiece 18 moved in the feeder 14. It is meant to be cut off. Further, as the feeder 14, the workpiece 18 is put into the reaction vessel 10 by a hydraulic cylinder.
ΟΜΡΙ ΟΜΡΙ
、 WIPOリ と 押 し 出す も の等で あ っ て も よい。 こ こ で被処理物 16は、 石 炭 と 水又は石炭 と 氷 と 油であ る。 , WIPO Li It may be something that pushes out. Here, the article 16 to be treated is coal and water or coal, ice and oil.
回転軸 15に は、 両側に ス ク リ ュ ー 17a , 17b 、 中間部に瘙 き 込み羽根 18が取付け られていて、 各 々 回転铀 15に よ っ て回 動 され る も の と な っ てい る。  The rotary shaft 15 is provided with screws 17a and 17b on both sides, and a retracting blade 18 at an intermediate portion. Each of the rotary shafts 15 can be rotated by the rotary shaft 15. You.
第 2 図左側の ス ク リ ユ ー 17a は、 供給機 14の直下に位置 し てい て 、 供給 された被処理物 18を搔き込み羽根 18方向 に送 る 働 き を 成す も のであ る 。 摄き込み羽根 18は、 回転軸 15が貫通 固定 されてい る 円板状の回転板 19の周側 に 、 回転軸 15に対 し てやや傾斜 し て取付け られた板状を成す も の で 、 溶融金属 2 の液面上に浮遊する 被処理物 18を溶融金属 2 中 に押 し込む と 共 に 、 徐 々 に被処理物 18を次の ス ク リ ュ ー 17b 方向へ と 移動 させ る も の で あ る 。 また、 ス ク リ ュ ー 17b は、 被処理物 16の 分解反応に よ つ て生成 されて溶融金属 2 上 に浮遊する 炭化物 20を 、 回転軸 15のやや上方に形成された押出 口 21へ と 押 し 出 す も の であ る 。 そ し て、 これ らの ス ク リ ュ ー 17a , l?b 及び 搔 き 込 み羽根 18を 回動 させる たの回転铀 15は、 溶融金属 2 の 液面上方に位置 し て い る ため、 その軸受部分に溶融金属 2 が 浸入 し て作動が妨げ られる よ う なこ と が ない も の と な っ てい ¾ 。 '  The screw 17a on the left side of FIG. 2 is located immediately below the feeder 14, and functions to feed the supplied workpiece 18 in the direction of the blade 18. The driving blade 18 has a plate-like shape which is attached to the peripheral side of a disk-shaped rotary plate 19 through which the rotary shaft 15 is fixed by being slightly inclined with respect to the rotary shaft 15. While the object 18 floating on the liquid surface of the molten metal 2 is pushed into the molten metal 2, the object 18 is gradually moved in the direction of the next screw 17 b. It is. Also, the screw 17 b transfers the carbide 20 generated by the decomposition reaction of the object 16 and floating on the molten metal 2 to an extrusion port 21 formed slightly above the rotating shaft 15. It is something to extrude. Since the screws 17a, l? B and the rotation 铀 15 for rotating the intake blade 18 are located above the liquid level of the molten metal 2, There must be no intrusion of molten metal 2 into the bearing to hinder operation. '
ス ク リ ュ ー 17b の上方には、 排出 口 21の上部か ら断面半円 形状の カバー部 22が突出 してい る。 こ の カバ一部 22は 、 被処 理物 18が瑢融金属 2 内で分解反応する こ と に よ っ て生ずる 発 生ガ ス が溶融金属 2 か ら噴き上る際の圧力が、 そ の ま ま铼出 口 21へ と 作用 し て し ま ラ のを ス ク リ ュ ー 17b を 遮壁 と し て防 0 ぐた め の も の であ る 。 A cover part 22 having a semicircular cross section protrudes from an upper part of the outlet 21 above the screw 17b. The pressure of the gas generated by the decomposition reaction of the material to be treated 18 in the molten metal 2 is increased when the generated gas is blown up from the molten metal 2. It acts on the outlet 21 and blocks the screw by using the screw 17b as a shielding wall. It is just for the purpose.
排出 口 21に は铢出 ダ ク ト 23が連結 されてお り 、 こ の排出 ダ ク ト 23の先端は、 炭化物容器 24内の底部付近に下向 き に開放 されて い る 。 また、 炭化物容器 24の下部 に は、 排出 ダ ク ト 23 の炭化物 20を徐 々 に炭化物容器 24内へ搔 き 出す ス ク リ ユ ー コ ンベア 25が設け られてお り 、 常に拂出ダ ク ト 23内に炭化物が 充満 し た状態 を保 つ て反応容器 10内を外気か ら遮断 し つつ ス ク リ ユ ー 17b に よ る 炭化物 20の押し出 し量に合わせ て排出ダ ク ト 23内の炭化物 20を搔き出せる よ う に な つ て い る 。  An output duct 23 is connected to the discharge port 21, and the tip of the discharge duct 23 is opened downward near the bottom in the carbide container 24. In addition, a screw conveyor 25 is provided below the carbide container 24 for gradually discharging the carbide 20 of the discharge duct 23 into the carbide container 24. The screw conveyor 25 is always discharged. While keeping the state in which the carbide is filled in the reactor 23 and keeping the inside of the reaction vessel 10 from the outside air, the discharge duct 23 is adjusted in accordance with the amount of the carbide 20 pushed out by the screw unit 17b. The carbide 20 can be extracted.
まず、 供給機 14に よ つ て被処理物 18を供給す る と 、 供給 さ れた被処理物 16は、 そ の直下で回転 し て い る ス ク リ ュ 一 17a に よ っ て搔 き 込み羽根 18方向へと送 られ る 。  First, when the object to be treated 18 is supplied by the supply machine 14, the supplied object to be treated 16 is transferred by the screw 17a rotating immediately below the object. The blades are sent in the direction of 18.
搔 き 込み羽根 18方向へ と送 られ、 比重差に よ つ て溶融金属  搔 Squeezed blades are sent in the direction of 18 and molten metal due to the specific gravity difference
2 の液面上 に浮遊 し てい る被処理物 18は 、 搔 き 込み羽根 18に よ っ て 上か ら溶融金属 2 内に押 し込まれ、 窑融金属 2 と い う 極め て大 き な比重を 有する液体内で、 比重差に よ リ 浮上 され つつ瑢融金属 2 内の深 さ に応 じた圧力を 受け る と 同時 に加熱 され る こ と に な る 。 そ して、 こ の瑢融金属 2 に よ る 加熱加圧 下 に お い て被処理物 18は分解反応 し、 炭化水素系 の ガ ス が生 成 され る 。 The workpiece 18 floating on the liquid surface of No. 2 is pushed into the molten metal 2 from above by the drawing blade 18, and is extremely large as the molten metal 2. In the liquid having the specific gravity, the liquid is heated simultaneously with receiving the pressure corresponding to the depth in the molten metal 2 while being levitated by the specific gravity difference. The object 18 undergoes a decomposition reaction under the heating and pressurization by the molten metal 2 to generate hydrocarbon-based gas.
こ の よ ラ に し て、 図示される実施例では、 三段の搔 き込み 羽根 18で被処理物 18を溶融金属 2 内に押 し込ん で分解反応 さ せ る こ と に な る 。 特 に *実施例では、 回転板 19に よ っ て被処 理物 18の移動方向が区切 られてお り 、 こ れに よ つ て確実に被 処理物 18を搔 き込み羽根 18で溶融金属 2 中へ押 し込め る こ と Λ WIPO- . がで き る よ う に な つ てい る。 Thus, in the illustrated embodiment, the object 18 is pushed into the molten metal 2 by the three-stage feeding blade 18 to cause a decomposition reaction. In particular, in the embodiment, the moving direction of the processing object 18 is demarcated by the rotating plate 19, whereby the processing object 18 is reliably inserted into the molten metal by the impeller 18. 2 WIPO-. To be able to do so.
未分解被処理物 18と 生成された炭化物 20は、 各搔 き 込み羽 根 18で溶融金属 2 中 への押 し込みと浮上 を繰 り 返 しつつ ス ク リ ュ ー 17b 方向へ徐 々 に移動 され、 こ の間に未分解被処理物 16も完全に分解反応 されて し ま う。  The undecomposed object 18 and the generated carbide 20 are gradually pushed in the direction of the screw 17b while being repeatedly pushed and floated into the molten metal 2 by the respective blades 18. It is moved, and during this time, the undecomposed object 16 is also completely decomposed.
被処理物 18の分解反応に よ っ て生成された発生ガ ス は、 ガ ス 抽 出 管 13か ら 反応容器 10外へ と 取 り 出 され、 in述の よ う に 、 冷却器に導かれて冷却され、 液化成分 と ガ ス成分 と に分 雜 され る も の であ る 。 液化成分は炭化水素系の油 と 水 と に大 別 され、 ガ ス成分は多 く の炭化水素系の ガ ス を 含む可燃性ガ ス と し て取得 され る 。  The gas generated by the decomposition reaction of the article to be treated 18 is taken out of the reaction vessel 10 through the gas extraction pipe 13 and guided to the cooler as described in the above. It is cooled down and separated into a liquefied component and a gas component. The liquefied component is roughly divided into hydrocarbon oil and water, and the gas component is obtained as combustible gas containing many hydrocarbon gases.
一方、 ス ク リ ュ ー 17b へ と 至 っ て瑢融金属 2 の液面上 に浮 遊す る 炭化物 20は、 ス ク リ ュ ー 17b に よ っ て搔 き集め られ、 排出 口 21へ と 押 し 出 される こ と に な る 。  On the other hand, carbides 20 that float to the screw 17b and float on the liquid surface of the molten metal 2 are collected by the screw 17b, and are discharged to the outlet 21. It will be pushed out.
本実施例は 、 被処理物 18を連続的に処理で き る よ う 、 供給 された被処理物 18が第 2 図左方から右方へ移動 され る よ う に な っ て い る が、 ノく ツ チ式 とする場合に は こ の よ う な配慮は不 要 と な る 。 即 ち 、 被処理物 18を 移送す る ため の ス ク リ ュ ー 17a , 17b は不要 と な る し、 搔き込み羽根 18も 回転軸 15と 平 行 に し て よ リ 被処理物 18の押 し込みを確実な も の と す る こ と が で き 、 搔 き 込み羽根 18のみを回転軸 15の適宜の位置 に設け れば足 る 。 ま た、 連統処理する場合でも 、 搔 き 込み羽根 18に あ る程度被処理物 16や炭化物 20の移送力 を も た せ る こ と は、 第 2 図 に示 さ れる よ う に搔き込み羽根 18を 回転铀 15に対 し て 傾斜 さ せ る 等 に よ っ て 可能 で あ る の で、 ス ク リ ュ ー 17.a ,  In this embodiment, the supplied workpiece 18 is moved from the left to the right in FIG. 2 so that the workpiece 18 can be continuously processed. Such considerations are not required when using a notch type. In other words, the screws 17a and 17b for transferring the workpiece 18 are not required, and the blade 18 is also parallel to the rotating shaft 15 so that the workpiece 18 can be removed. It is possible to ensure that the pushing is performed, and it is sufficient to provide only the pushing blade 18 at an appropriate position on the rotating shaft 15. As shown in FIG. 2, even in the case of continuous processing, it is required that the suction blades 18 have a certain degree of transfer force of the workpiece 16 and the carbide 20 as shown in FIG. 2. This is possible, for example, by tilting the built-in blade 18 with respect to the rotation 铀 15, so that the screw 17.a,
OMPI 2 OMPI Two
1 7 b を省 く こ と も可能で る。 17b can be omitted.
搔 き 込み羽根 1 8は 、 単なる平坦な板状の も の だけ で な く 、 被処理物 1 8を ギ ヤ ツ チ しやすい よ う に凹部を形成 し た も の等 で あ っ て も よ い。  The blade 18 may be not only a flat plate, but also may have a concave portion so that the object 18 can be easily glowed. No.
以上の説明か ら明 らかなよ う に、 *発明 に係 る石炭液化方 法は、 溶融金属中 に 水 と混合 した石炭を供給 し てい る 点に大 き な特徴を有する も の で、 これ ら に よ つ て次の よ う な利益が 得 られ る も の であ る 。  As is clear from the above description, the * coal liquefaction method according to the present invention has a significant feature in that coal mixed with water is supplied to the molten metal. The following benefits can be obtained from them.
1 )溶融金属が加圧媒体と し て作用する の で、 反応容器の高 さ及び瑢融金属の充塡深さを調節するだけで容易に圧力設定 ができ 、 装置が極め て簡便な も ので済む  1) Since the molten metal acts as a pressurized medium, the pressure can be easily set simply by adjusting the height of the reaction vessel and the filling depth of the molten metal, and the apparatus is extremely simple. Finish
2 )水素源 と し て水 を利用 しているため 、 こ と さ ら別途水素 を用意する必要がな く 、 水素製造のため の設備、 手間、 経費 を省 く こ と ができ る 。  2) Since water is used as the hydrogen source, there is no need to prepare additional hydrogen, and equipment, labor and cost for hydrogen production can be saved.
3 )石炭 中 に 含 ま れ て い る 重金属類 を 分離除去 し得 る 。 即 ち 、 多 く は酸化物 と し て含まれてい る重金属類 は 、 太発 の 還元環境下で還元 さ れ、 溶融金属と の間 で合金化 され て沈殿 分離 される こ と に な る 。  3) Heavy metals contained in coal can be separated and removed. Immediately, heavy metals, which are often contained as oxides, are reduced under a heavy reducing environment, are alloyed with the molten metal, and are separated by precipitation.
4 )石炭 と 水 と 共に 更に油を加える と 、 処理効果を更 に高め る こ と ができ 、 回収油量を増大 させる こ と がで き る 。  4) If more oil is added together with coal and water, the treatment effect can be further enhanced and the amount of recovered oil can be increased.
また 、 *発明 に係 る石炭液化装置に よれば、 被処理物は溶 融金属の液面上に落下 させればよいので、 瑢融金属の液面下 に被処理物を供給す る場合に比 してわずかの力 で供給する こ と がで き 、 供給機の圧入負担が少ない利点があ る 。 ま た、 供 紿機直下の溶融金属がい く ぶん固化 した と し て も 、 被処理物 3 の供給が妨げ られ る よ う なおそれはほ と ん どな く 、 溶融金属 中 での被処理物の分解反応も择き込み羽根に よ っ て確実に成 し得 る も のであ る 。 Further, according to the coal liquefaction apparatus according to the present invention, the object to be treated may be dropped on the liquid surface of the molten metal, so that the object to be treated is supplied below the surface of the molten metal. It is possible to supply with a little power compared with that, and there is an advantage that the press-in load of the supply machine is small. Also, even if the molten metal immediately below the feeder is somewhat solidified, In most cases, the supply of 3 is hindered, and the decomposition reaction of the object to be treated in the molten metal can be surely achieved by the moving blades.
図面の箇単 な説明  Brief description of drawings
第 1 図は本発明 に係る石炭液化方法を説 す る ため の実験 室.的装置の概略図、 第 2 図は本発明に係 る石炭液化装置の一 実施例 を示す縱断面図、 第 3 図は第 2 図 に おけ る ] I - ]! 断面 図であ る 。  Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laboratory for explaining a coal liquefaction method according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of a coal liquefaction device according to the present invention, and Figs. The figure is a cross-sectional view of [I-]! In Fig. 2.
O PI一 WlPO~" O PI-I WlPO ~ "

Claims

4  Four
1 ) 3 0 0 〜 8 0 0 *Cの瑢融金属内に石炭 と 水を供給 し て 、 溶融 金属に よ る 加熱加圧下で石炭 と水を接触 させ、 発生ガ ス を取 出 し て冷却 し 、 液化成分を分離取得する こ と を特徴 と す る石 炭液化方法 請 1) Coal and water are supplied into the molten metal of 300 to 800 * C, and the coal and water are brought into contact with the molten metal under heat and pressure, and the generated gas is taken out and cooled. Coal liquefaction method characterized by separating and obtaining liquefied components
2 ) 3 0 0 〜 8 0 0 °Cの溶融金属内に石炭 と 水 と 油 を供給 し て 、 溶融金属に よ る 加熱加圧下で三の者を接触 させ、 発生ガ ス を取 出 し て冷却 し 、 液化成分を分離取範得する こ と を 特徴 と す る石 炭液化方法 囲  2) Coal, water and oil are supplied into the molten metal at 300 to 800 ° C, and three people are brought into contact with each other under the heat and pressure of the molten metal to remove the generated gas. Coal liquefaction method characterized by cooling and separating liquefied components
3 )瑢融金属が入れ られて少な く と も底面か ら 加熱を 受け る 反応容器の瑢融金属の液面よ リ 上方に、 外気か ら 反応容器内 ¾断 した状態で被処理物を送 り 込む供給機 と 、 発生 ガ ス を 取出すための ガ ス抽出管が取付け られて お り 、 反応容器内に は、 溶融金属の液面 よ リ 上方に回転軸が設け ら れ て い て 、 こ の回転轴には 、 溶融金属の液面上に浮遊す る被処理物 を瑢融 金属内へ押 し込む瘙 き 込み羽根が設け ら れてい る こ と を特徴 と する 石炭液化装置。 3) Heat is applied from at least the bottom surface when the molten metal is put in. The object to be treated is cut from outside air inside the reaction vessel above the liquid level of the molten metal in the reaction vessel. A feeder and a gas extraction pipe for taking out generated gas are attached.A rotary shaft is provided in the reaction vessel above the liquid level of the molten metal. The coal liquefaction apparatus is characterized in that a rotating blade is provided with a suction blade for pushing an object to be processed floating on the liquid surface of the molten metal into the molten metal.
PCT/JP1984/000336 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Method and apparatus for liquefying coal WO1986000331A1 (en)

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BR8407335A BR8407335A (en) 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR COAL LIQUEFACTION
DE19843490292 DE3490292T1 (en) 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Process and device for coal liquefaction
PCT/JP1984/000336 WO1986000331A1 (en) 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Method and apparatus for liquefying coal
DE19843490292 DE3490292C2 (en) 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Coal liquefaction method and apparatus

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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WO1996000268A1 (en) * 1994-06-27 1996-01-04 Unique Tire Recycling (Canada) Inc. Hydrocarbon thermal processing apparatus
US5693188A (en) * 1994-06-27 1997-12-02 Unique Tire Recycling (Canada) Inc. Hydrocarbon thermal processing apparatus

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BR8407335A (en) 1986-11-25
DE3490292T1 (en) 1986-05-15

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